What is News?

What is news, and how is information different from news? These two questions were implied in a recent interview on ABCs' Four Corners program when New York Times Bureau chief Dean Baquet suggested that Wikileaks was a provider of information, not news. However what Mr Baquet may or may not of realised is there are ethical issues such a distinction between news and information might raise? For example what about the role of journalists in providing sound information and the publics right to know this information, or conversely the importance of keeping certain facts hidden to protect a countries national security?

However it is not the intention of this analytical essay to provide the answers to any ethical dilemmas that arise from the above statement, but rather to analyse any issues that may occur by arguing that news and information are different. This will be achieved by attempting to answer the two overriding questions that develop from analysing the above statement made by Mr Baquet. They are: 1. How do you differentiate between news and information, and 2. what ethical considerations might develop in doing so?

Subsequently to accomplish this the essay will be divided into four parts. First it will analyse news and information separately by attempting to define them. This will be achieved by analysing news in more depth with the help of some scholarly interpretations. Secondly it will then attempt to define information by also looking at some scholarly definitions in detail. Thirdly it will look at what truly differentiates news from information by discussing Mastertons' key news values. Finally it will consider the ethical issues that arise when analysing news and information by using the MEAA code of ethics as a reference. Furthermore, these four points will be backed by scholarly evidence, quotes, and statistics which will help to give evidentiary support to this essay’s argument.

Firstly, news by definition is difficult to specify. The original meaning of 'newes' was first referenced in 1551 when it  meant 'novelties'. A more recent attempt at defining news was made by Philip Graham a former publisher of the Washington Post who said, “News is the first rough draft of history” (Lamble 2011, p.34). Another good definition of news was made by John Bogart, city editor of The New York Sun. He said “When a dog bites a man, that is not news because it happens so often. But if a man bites a dog, it's news” (Lamble 2011 p.35). Perhaps one of the best definitions has come from US journalism educator Melvin Mencher who said there are two general guidelines. They are: 1. news is information about a break from the normal flow of events, and 2. news is information people need to make sound decisions about their lives (Lamble 2011 p.35).  Therefore according to these definitions news could be summarised as a type of story about anything new or out of the ordinary that helps people to make informed decisions on their lives.

Secondly, information is also a word that is difficult to define. Just like news its meaning is very broad. However this has not stopped academics from attempting to define it. According to  Webster's dictionary information is: “The communication or reception of knowledge or intelligence”. Another common definition of information is: “One or more statements or facts that are received by a human and that have some form of worth to the recipient” (Losee 1997, p.255). Another more detailed and complex definition of information that was provided by the journal of the American society for information science states that “information is produced by all processes, and it is the values of characteristics in the processes output that are information” (Losee 1997, p.256) Therefore from these definitions of information it could be surmised that information is a type of factual commodity that can be bought, sold, given away, learned or taught by an individual or group of individuals, but generally only has value to those whom it was intended for.

Consequently while both definitions provided above help us to create a better understanding of what news and information are individually, they do not provide a definitive explanation as to what exactly separates the two from each other. One academic who attempted to differentiate between the two was J. Lule. He made an excellent observation when he stated, “News is not presented in the form of news as information, but rather as a story, a story with characters, a plot, and a theme” (Lule 2001 p.12). However it was  New Zealand journalist and journalist academic Murray Masterton who made a defining observation after surveying thousands of journalists in 67 countries around the globe. He came to the conclusion that there were three essential elements that differentiated news from information. They are: interest, timeliness and clarity. He said that news items must interest many people, they must contain new information, and that it must be presented in a easily understood form (Lamble 2011 p.37).

However Masterton did not stop at interest, timeliness, and clarity. He further went on to define six more news values that today’s journalists still use to help them decide if a story is news worthy or not. They are: significance, proximity, conflict, human interest, novelty, and prominence. It must be noted that the following six news value definitions have been condensed significantly as many paragraphs could be written on each one. However for the purpose of this essay it is only necessary to touch on them briefly. Consequently significance relates to the number of people who could be affected by the news story. Proximity relates to events that happen close to people geographically, as well as events that affect us historically, socially, and emotionally. Conflict can be anything related to political debates, wars, neighbourhood disputes, sporting issues, and court reports to name a few. Human Interest is basically anything of interest that other people may be doing, whether it be what our neighbours are up to or just the latest gossip on movie stars. Novelty is anything odd or bizarre that captures our attention, or something rare and unusual that stands out. Finally prominence relates to anything famous, well known, powerful or important people may say or do (Lamble 2011 p.37-41). Subsequently by creating these nine news values Masterton has helped to substantiate the argument that news and information are truly different commodities.

Fourthly and finally lets look at what ethical issues arise from making a distinction between news and information?  Clause number one in the Media Alliance (MEAA) code of ethics states that “journalists must report and interpret honestly, striving for accuracy, fairness, and disclosure of all essential facts”. So is Wikileaks being ethical by releasing controversial information online, or is it simply striving to disclose all essential facts to the public so they can make informed decisions on their lives?  It is plausible to suggest that when Mr Baquet suggested that Wikileaks was a provider of information not news he may have meant that Wikileaks is not a true news organisation. However if this is the case does that make Wikileaks exempt from sticking to a journalistic code of conduct? Should it be allowed to obtain information illegally and submit it online for the world to see simply because it is a provider of information, not news? And even if it could get past this dilemma does this still make it ethically correct for Wikileaks to be releasing information that could potentially harm a countries national security? Conversely what about the publics right to know? Should that not be taken into account as well?  Nonetheless regardless of what the critics and experts say these questions and many more are all questions that have yet to be properly answered and will be an ongoing problem for a long time into the foreseeable future.

In conclusion it has been well documented and proven in the body of this essay that news and information are both different commodities. News has been defined as a type of story about anything new or out of the ordinary that helps people to make informed decisions on their lives. It has three key values that differentiate it from information – interest, timeliness, and clarity. It also has another six news values that further separate it from information - significance, proximity, conflict, human interest, novelty, and prominence. Information has also been defined.  It is one or more statements or facts that are received by a human and that have some form of worth to the recipient.  It is also considered the communication or reception of knowledge or intelligence.

In conclusion this essay has proven in its argument that there are differences between news and information, and that these differences create ethical issues that have yet to be fully solved. It has  shown that Wikileaks is a provider of information, not news, and considered whether this would make it exempt from certain ethical issues. It has also analysed the implications of broadcasting controversial information, and whether or not a countries national security should be more important than the publics right to know. Lastly readers should consider the fact that there is a long way to go before any of these ethical issues will be solved to a satisfactory standard. 

By Reuben Franklin

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Tuchman, G 1976 'What is News?' PhD Thesis, Griffith University.

Retrieved 20 March 2011, via Google Scholar

Staab, J 1990, 'The Role of News Factors in News Selection' Downloaded from ejc.sagepub.com at Griffith University on March 23, 2011

Wilkins, L & Patterson, P 1987, 'Risk Analysis and the Construction of News'

viewed 22 March 2011 via Google Scholar

Losee, M 1997, 'A Discipline definition independent of Information'

Journal of the American Society for Information Science,

viewed 22 March 2011 Via Google Scholar

Lamble, S 2011, News as it Happens, Oxford University Press,

South Melbourne Victoria.

Media Alliance Code of Ethics @ www.alliance.org.au/code-of-ethics.html

Lule, J 2001 'Seven master myths in the news',

Eternal Stories: The mythological role of journalism, New York,

Guildford Press, Chapter 1, 11-26

The Three Sectors of the Sports Industry

This essay will describe and analyse the three sectors of the sports industry – the state or public sector, the non-profit or voluntary sector, and the professional or commercial sector. This will be achieved by selecting one organisation that represents each sporting sector and comparing each on its ability to contribute to the values of sport. Also discussed will be whether or not each organisation successfully represents the sector it has been placed in. Finally in conclusion, the sector I would like to gain industry experience in, how I will do this, and why I have chosen that sector will be discussed.

In order to comprehend how each organisation contributes to the value of sport, it is important to first understand what categories the values of sport will be analysed under for this essay. Although there are limitless examples of how sport can provide value to society, for the sake of simplicity I will break down these benefits into three broad categories – social, health, and economic. These will become the building blocks of this essay’s analysis, and the organisations ability to achieve these values will be analysed by looking at one or two of the services, resources, and programs they provide.

Consequently the three organisations to be analysed are: 1 Aus-Kick, which represents the voluntary sector, 2. The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), which represents the state sector, and 3. National Rugby League (NRL), which represents the commercial sector. Furthermore, analysis on each organisation will be provided via the use of peer-reviewed journal articles, sport organisation web pages, and the content covered in sport management lectures and tutorials to help give evidentiary support to the essay.

First I will analyse the voluntary or non-profit sector. Non-profit organisations are defined as organisations that are institutionally separate from the state, do not return profits to owners, are self-governing, have a significant element of voluntary contribution, and are formally incorporated (Hoye, Smith, Westerbeek, Stewart, Nicholson 2006, P46).

The organisation I have chosen that represents this sector is Aus-kick. Managed by the community for the community, Aus-kick’s role is to give boys and girls the chance to play AFL football in a relaxed social environment, while making friends, improving fitness, ball handling skills, and confidence. It also provides a first step opportunity for budding AFL stars of the future.  It is a highly successful program which boasts 2491 Aus-kick centres, 147,361 participants, and 20,000 parent volunteers nationally. Aus-kick shows it represents the voluntary sector successfully by fitting all the aforementioned necessary criteria of a voluntary organisation, such as the large number of volunteers it recruits and the way it gives back to the community on such a large scale.

Aus-kick runs two different types of programs, the AFL ‘Rookie’ program and the AFL ‘Pro’ program. The rookie program is designed for children aged five to eight years old and helps them develop the fundamental skills they need to participate in AFL. The ‘Pro’ program however is designed with more of a game sense of focus and is for children aged nine to twelve years of age. It is these two programs that provide examples of how Aus-kick contributes to the social and health values of sport. 

Aus-kick shows it understands that there is a need to help children become physically fit, psychologically healthy, and socially apt by catering for these needs through the two programs it provides. By providing children with the fundamental motor skills required for physical activity, educating them on the basic principles of healthy eating and nutrition through specially arranged team activities, children learn important social skills, including cooperation and respect for others. By educating future generations, Aus-kick is helping to reduce self-destructive and delinquent behaviour while fostering a healthy attachment to the community through sport. This creates a stronger social fabric in the community, a higher economic potential in future generations of well-educated children, and also helps reduce crime. Consequently it can be said that Aus-kick successfully provides value to sport through the successful health, economic, and social pathways it creates.

The second sector we shall be discussing is the state or public sector, which includes national, state/provincial, regional, and local governments, and specialist agencies that develop sport policy, provide funding to other sectors, and support specialist roles such as elite athlete development or drug control (Hoye, Smith, Westerbeek, Stewart, Nicholson 2006, P6).

The organisation I have chosen that represents this sector is the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). Since 1981 the AIS’s central role has been to provide Australians with the opportunity to develop their ultimate sporting potential. The AIS boasts having nurtured many successful athletes who have gone on to become Olympic and Paralympic medallists. These results are due to having skilled coaches, dieticians, nutritionists, world-class facilities and cutting-edge sports science and sport medicine services.

The Australian Institute of Sport represents the state sector successfully because it is operated and funded by the Australian Sports Commission (ASC) which is an organisation run by the Australian Government. The ASC seeks to develop strong grassroots involvement in sport, as well as provide opportunities for developing elite excellence. For more information on the roles and responsibilities of the ASC, check the Australian Sports Commission Act 1989 at, <www.ausport.gov.au>.

The AIS offers 38 sport programs to 29 different sports, as well as a varying number of scholarships, up to 700 per annum, to Australia’s finest sport men and women. Consequently it would take too long to analyse each one of the AIS programs individually. Thus it is necessary to concentrate on the bigger picture by analysing the main services and resources AIS provides to its athletes.

The AIS employs 75 coaches including assistant coaches, scholarship coaches, and head coaches. They are equipped with powerful resources to help them observe, fine tune, analyse, and perfect the techniques, and actions of the athletes. Their goal is to help athletes realise their potential. The AIS also provides as a service to the athletes an individual screening session with a team dietician, this also includes follow up sessions throughout the year to discuss any dietary concerns or issues they may be experiencing. Another service the AIS provides to the athletes is healthy, high quality food which is based on a seasonal menu developed by an experienced dietician.

Also worth mentioning is how the AIS helps prepare athletes for life outside of sport by proving them with the Athlete Career and Education program (ACE). This program gives them training in public speaking, media presentation, career planning, and time management. Consequently the AIS can be seen to be successfully adding to the economic, and health values of sport via the scholarships and programs it provides to the athletes such as the ACE program.

The third sector to be discussed is the commercial or professional sporting sector. This sector is comprised of professional leagues and their team members, as well as allied organizations such as sporting apparel and equipment manufacturers, media companies, major stadia operators, and event managers (Hoye, Smith, Westerbeek, Stewart, Nicholson 2006, P6).

The organisation I have chosen that represents this sector is National Rugby League (NRL). NRL first began in England in the late 1800’s, however it first started in Australia in 1908. The NRL’s main competition is known as the Telstra premiership. It consists of fifteen Australian teams and one New Zealand team. It is known as the world’s elite rugby league championship and is the most viewed and attended football competition in the world. The NRL successfully represents the commercial sector due to the high levels of sponsorship it receives as well as the million dollar salaries many of the footballers command.

In 2009 the NRL launched a program called ‘Eat Well, Play Well, Stay Well’ using the profiles of the game to reduce childhood obesity. The objectives of the program were to communicate positive health messages to children and their families, to provide rugby league development officers with another tool to assist them to build and develop a healthy relationship with local schools, and to increase the profile of rugby league, and promote the positive impact the sport and its players can have on children and parents .

Just like Aus-kick this program helps add value to sport through the economic, health, and social benefits it provides to school children in the community. By creating positive long term outcomes through helping children to grow up fit, healthy, and educated on the benefits of exercise, the NRL’s ‘Eat Well, Play Well, Stay Well’ program successfully adds to the value of sport.

In conclusion I would like to discuss the sector I would like to gain industry skills, knowledge, and experience in, how I will do this, and why? Consequently I believe that the best way to gain these aforementioned benefits initially is through the voluntary sector. This is due to sports management being such a hard industry to get paid work in. To be successful one must first volunteer their time and learn the skills needed to become a paid sports manager. One of the areas I would like to volunteer my time to is surf lifesaving due to the fact I live on the beach, love the water, and want to learn how to save people’s lives. One way I believe this could be achieved is by attending a volunteer expo day at Griffith University and signing up at the surf lifesaving booth. This would give me the opportunity to gain the necessary skills and experience to possibly become a paid surf lifesaver in the future, and maybe even further into the future a manager of a surf lifesaving club or organisation.

By Reuben Franklin

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Hoye, Smith, Westerbeek, Stewart Nicholson, 2006, Sports Management: Principles and Applications.

www.nrl.com/kids

www.ausport.gov.au/ais

www.aflauskick.com.au

The Value of Sport and Recreation, www.dsr.wa.gov.au

Barbara A. Hedges, 2000  pp. 1-27 The value of sport in our Society

Kelinske, Mayer, & Chen, 2001, pp. 75-84, Perceived benefits from participation in sports.

The Internet and Journalism

Imagine a journalist at work forty years ago, tapping away on a typewriter into the wee hours of the morning, a flask of whisky by his side, scattered notes strewn all over the desk, a heavy rotary phone ringing constantly with scoops of the coming day. Now think of a journalist in 2010, typing away on his laptop, information saved in word documents, websites saved in bookmarks, answering video calls and sending text messages on his iphone, conducting interviews on Skype with unmet subjects thousands of kilometres away, and sending off his scoop of the day to his editor via e-mail, all without having to leave home. Yes technology has come a long way since the days of the humble typewriter, and one of the biggest technological advances of them all was the advent of the World Wide Web in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau which began a chain reaction that would forever change the way journalism and journalists operate.

Subsequently, it is the intention of this essay to argue that the internet has improved journalism for the better good of the industry and society, and that as journalism adapts to this relatively new technology, it will not only survive the internet age, but thrive. This essay intends to do this by arguing about four of the many areas in which the web has helped to improve journalism since its inception into the industry. The four areas to be argued are: 1. the globalisation of news and its associated online interactivity, 2. the quality and quantity of news gathering sources, 3. the speed of news flow between two parties via online connectivity, and 4. news production costs and the associated environmental impact. Furthermore, these points will be backed by scholarly evidence, quotes, and statistics which will help to give evidentiary support to this essay’s argument.

Firstly let’s look at the globalisation of news. Since the advent of the internet in the nineties, and the slightly more recent discovery of the World Wide Web as a possible media of mass communication by the press, consumers have never had it so good before. The internet has made possible the publication of more than 5000 news sites maintained by common news organisations including news magazines, broadcast/cable news providers, and newspapers (Pavlik 2000, p.233). These sites have provided global access to news from all parts of the world. Thus for the first time, anyone, anywhere in the world with an internet connection could access news, such as the contents of different newspapers, and interact/immerse themselves with multimedia content relating to those news articles, as well as links to other websites and much more from any country, at any time, at no cost. It is also worth noting that this interactive aspect of the web gives readers from across the world a presence at news events like never before, allowing visitors to these websites to discover and develop their own idea of the story and perhaps come closer to the truth by removing one level of filtering, which some would argue is a better form of journalism, as it creates a bigger audience appeal than simply reading about the story in a newspaper. As Feldman (1997, p.20), an online media guru puts it, “... interactivity is generating new forms of media products which rely fundamentally on interactivity as the basis of their appeal”.

The second reason the internet has helped to improve journalism to such an extent is by the way it allows journalists quick and easy access to a large quantity of quality news gathering sources. Now instead of perhaps travelling to distant cities, libraries, or other storehouses of data, and taking weeks or even months to collect material, the reporter can often report much of a complex story from his desk and computer (Parry 2003 p. 1). With increasing amounts of public records and corporate information published online, more and more reporters are now effectively using online tools to gather information to check their facts before releasing a news story to the public. Journalists have recently indicated that they liked the immediate delivery capabilities of the Web, and they were likely to visit a corporation’s Web site before telephoning a corporate media relations expert (Callison 2002, p.29). This was also proven in a survey done by professional Dan Middleberg and journalism professor Steve Ross which found that the percentage of journalists using the Internet for article research had increased from 66% in 1995 to 92% in 2001.  Therefore this indicates that journalists opting to use the internet for research are saving on time and effort, helping them to provide the public with well researched accurate facts and information from reliable sources at a much faster speed.

Thirdly, the internet provides another benefit that we shall refer to as connectivity (Heinonen 1999, p.47). This in essence is the ability of a reporter sent on an assignment to deliver material to the newsroom via the internet as well as receive information on the spot from editors in the newsroom and digital archives. This ease of access to quality news resources gives journalists a certain freedom, allowing them to escape from the confinements of the newsroom, letting them work at home on their PC’s, or in the field using their laptops and a wireless internet connection to access information. Connectivity allows journalists to become instant online reporters, giving them the ability to stream live webcam footage and provide constant newsfeeds to online publications. The result of all this is that reporting becomes much faster. This ability to stream live footage creates the opportunity for journalists to work increasingly close to news deadlines without risking a complete breakdown in the reporting process, which is especially significant in opening up possibilities for on-deadline operations in video journalism. Thus, this information suggests that internet connectivity has not only allowed journalists the opportunity to work almost exclusively in the field and at home, but also to provide the public with news and information at speeds un-parallel to a time before the internet existed.

Fourthly, the internet is helping to reduce newspaper production costs and the associated environmental issues with printing and distributing such papers. The cost of printing and delivery, roughly 60 per cent of the cost of producing the average newspaper, has been greatly reduced, virtually eliminated, in fact. Publisher Levor Oldham said common sense was behind this reasoning, “Clearly, the future of newspapers is on the Web” (Pavlik 2000, p.234). Furthermore as mentioned earlier, online publishing has another related benefit besides cost reduction; the environmental impact associated with printing newspapers is greatly reduced. A life cycle study shows that the CO₂ emissions caused by the production and distribution of one copy of an average sized 177 gram newspaper in Australia, totals about 0.95 kilograms of greenhouse gasses. This includes paper from trees, materials, production, shipping and customer use. The loss of natural habitat potential from the 177 gram newspaper is estimated to be 0.73 square meters. Therefore these statistics suggest that by publishing their news articles online, newspapers are saving not only themselves, but perhaps more importantly the environment.

Consequently by arguing in this essay that the internet has improved journalism it has become clear that the overall answer is much more complex than a simple, “yes it has”, as there are many aspects it has improved, as well as some it has perhaps not, but that is another argument. However it is important to note that the internet since its advent has become a significant part of the wider journalistic landscape, and it is here to stay.

Journalists who embrace the internet as a useful medium are finding a whole new world of information, creativity, freedom, and convenience at their fingertips, although those who don’t may well find they are left behind in an era that nobody may soon remember except for the historians and their history books. Nowadays the internet has almost become a pre-requisite for journalists who want to be successful, as it allows them to work closer to deadlines, report to the news room from the field, broadcast their news on a global scale, access and research quality information for their news stories, publish their stories online, and reduce their associated costs, as well as much more.

By conducting this research and writing this essay I believe that there is a strong supporting argument for the internet’s usefulness to journalism. Consequently it is safe to say that journalism has come a long way from its humble beginnings, nevertheless it will need to continue to adapt to this ever changing world if it is to survive in this online world of the future. However I believe if it can do this, there is no reason why it can’t survive, if not thrive. 

By Reuben Franklin

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Heinonen, 1999, Journalism in the age of the Net: Changing Society, Changing Profession

Pavlik, 2000, 'The Impact of Technology on Journalism', Journalism Studies, 1: 2, 229 — 237

Livingston, & Bennett, 2003, Gatekeeping, Indexing, and Live-Event News: Is Technology Altering the Construction of News?

Parry, 2003, Journalism and the Internet: Putting Things into Context

Knight, 2003, Globalised Journalism in the Internet age <ejournalist.com.au>

Callison, 2002, Media relations and the Internet: how Fortune 500 company web sites assist journalists in news gathering.

Cottle, & Ashton, 1999, From BBC Newsroom to BBC News centre: On Changing Technology and Journalist Practices http://con.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/5/3/22

Bromley, & O’ Malley, 1997, The End of Journalism? Changes in Workplace Practices in the Press and Broadcasting in the 1990s, A Journalism Reader, pp. 330-50.

Glen Echo Dirt Bike Park

The Easter weekend had arrived the boys and I decided that it was long overdue for a dirt bike ride. However we had not reserved ourselves a place anywhere and with Easter only a day away it was becoming difficult to find a bike park that had not been booked out. However just when all seemed lost and we were about to resign ourselves to the fact we had left it too late our mate Steeley came to the rescue stating that he had managed to book us into Glen Echo Dirt Bike Park for the weekend.

‘Where is that?’ was my first response, having never heard of the place before. ‘Its 58km north west of Gympie,’ said Steeley. ‘Alright, sounds good to me lets go.’ So we were off, five weekend warriors cruising down the Bruce Highway on our way to dirt bike nirvana. After a long three hour drive which included getting lost briefly and Dane having a short lived flip-out over his van’s clutch not-playing-up (turned out to just be a loss of traction), we arrived at Glen Echo around 7pm, just in time to check in before the office shut.

Once riding and camping costs had been taken care of we went to find a camp site. Being Easter the park was packed, forcing us to settle for the first spare patch of ground we could find – right next to the motocross track – score! Setting up in the dark is never much fun, especially when only Steely remembered to bring a torch. However this slight error of judgement was soon forgotten after unloading the esky and cracking open a few cold beers.

The next morning we were awakened to a frosty dawn by a petrol alarm clock as the sound of a lone four-stroke being revved wide open echoed around the park. The riders obvious sole purpose in life was to wake the entire park with his bike. After cursing the mad-keen rev head we ate a rushed breakfast and geared up for the ride.

Not wanting to wait any longer than I had to I jumped on my bike and took straight to the motocross track, quickly putting a few laps under my belt. While cutting laps I briefly glanced back at the camp site to see my mate Trevor bright red in the face, kicking the guts out of his KTM 250 two-banger to no avail. Being a fellow two-stoke enthusiast I instantly figured it was most likely the spark plug. I cruised over to Trevor and suggested he change the plug, only to be told that he didn't have any spares. So after some rough treatment to the plug involving pouring petrol on the tip and setting it alight we got Trevor’s bike going.

Finally all of us were ready and our bikes were all running. After some quick deliberating we decided to try the enduro loop first. The track turned out to be tight and mostly single-file only, with some rocky hills and a few slippery grass gullies thrown into the mix.Trevor became the first casualty of the day after discovering just how slippery the grassy sections really were as his front wheel washed out from under him, causing him to land on his side in a tangle of weeds. After waiting for Trevor to recover from his spill we took off again and ran straight into a small heard of cattle who obviously thought the track belonged to them. Reece took advantage of the cow poop ridden track to try and flick crap at any one he could get close enough to, resulting in the front of my bike being covered in little crap particles. Thanks for that mate, karma is a bitch so watch your back.

The enduro loop turned out to be disappointingly short so we decided to go back and ride on the main motocross track which was split into two parts, with a shorter and longer section to choose from depending on how tired you felt. The main track had potential for some big jumps but many of the up-ramps were too rutted out and deformed to allow you to really launch your bike, however the soil on the track was loamy making for some fun berm blasting action shots.

We found a fun tabletop jump on the track which turned out to be ideal for hucking a few tricks over. I settled for busting out a few heelclickers over the jump while Dane threw in a few whips and Reece tried to endo his bike over the table top without much success. Our circus antics attracted a few people with cameras who starting taking shots of the idiots on motocross bike who thought they were freestyle superstars.

Towards the end of the day after a big session on the motocross track we headed back to camp and settled down in our camp chairs with a beer while watching a few of the keener riders that were still riding as the sun began to dip below the horizon. It had been a fun days ride and we were not looking forward to going home tomorrow. Fortunately there were many better places to ride closer to home than Glen Echo but it was a worthwhile trip all the same.

Reuben Franklin

If you or your mates are keen to go riding here check out the Glen Echo Park website at: http://www.glenechopark.com.au/

3105HUM - News and Current Affairs Production - Week 12

For the final week of Griffith Uni News my job was to operate the main camera for the show. Below is the video for Show 5 which shows you how awesome my camera operating skills really are:

Here is the video of Griffith Uni News Show 5:

3105HUM - News and Current Affairs Production - Week 11

For Griffith Uni News show 4 my job was Assistant Floor Manager which required me to wear a headset and help the main Floor manager Lisa to communicate between the production crew and the panel members during the show.

Below is the video of Show 4 of Griffith Uni News:

3105HUM - News and Current Affairs Production - Week 10

For Griffith Uni News Show 3 my job was to Anchor the show which was challenging at times, especially when trying to organize everyone during the pre-production process which included writing the script and giving the panel their discussion topics. However despite the difficulties the show ran well except for when Sherie forgot to scroll the teleprompter down so I could read it after an ad break.

Reuben Anchors Griffith Uni News Show 3

3105HUM - News and Current Affairs Production - Week 9

For week 9 of Griffith Uni News my job was sports news presenter for the show which meant I had to come in to the studio early to  do a pre-recorded sports news segment. This was a role I found fun and suited me down to the ground due to being an avid fan of most sports. Below I have attached a picture and two videos - one of just my sports news read and the other of the entire news show.

Reuben presents the latest sporting headlines

3105HUM - News and Current Affairs Production - Week 8

For the first show of the year for Griffith Uni News my role was Panel member and I was given a number of discussion topics by the Anchor Sherie which I had to discuss with the other panel members during the show. Below is an image and a video from the first show:

Reuben and Kat discussing the latest issues

New Media Art - Blog

Explore Rhizome.org and the art they list here: http://rhizome.org/announce/

Reception in conjunction with Rose Marcus and Andy Meerow: Café

What is self-portraiture in the expanded-field? A charcoal drawing is one example, but this research will probe more direct and physical forms of self-positioning. The artists will review the supposition that they are working just by correctly moving their bodies around and assess their role as part of a larger body of people helping each other make sense. Together, the creative populace projects bolstered self-images into the void, or the bounty?

"Tide Study" by Ryan James MacFarland:

Charles Bank Gallery is pleased to present Tide Study, a new photography exhibition by Ryan James MacFarland, July 12-August 19, with an opening reception on Friday, July 6th.This will be MacFarland’s first solo presentation at Charles Bank Gallery. In MacFarland’s newest body of work, the artist shows a concern for the seemingly intangible and transitory qualities of landscape.Through these photographs, MacFarland has attempted to interpret and reconcile his own experiences of nature.

Bound, Unbound: Lin Tianmiao:

Asia Society Museum presents the first major solo exhibition in the United States of leading Chinese artist Lin Tianmiao (born 1961, China). Surveying the past 20 years, this exhibition highlights the remarkably consistent focus on women’s issues that is subtly embodied in her work. The exhibition — a series of installations and sculpture with a textile focus — will fill Asia Society’s entire museum space with several new installations and many works never seen outside.

Yogyakarta: 

Five Artists From IndonesiaMarc Straus Gallery will be presenting an exhibition of five Indonesian artists, four of which have not been shown in The United States yet. The show will include paintings and sculptures from Jumaldi Alfi, Fendry Ekel, Erianto, Abdi Setiawan, and Yunizar. This important event brings these Indonesian artists to New York along with their influences and culture. The opening for the event will be on Wednesday, June 27th at 6pm.

New Media Art - Blog

Talk about collecting content such as collecting files, code, images, and sound to use in later work.

The importance of collecting files to use in later work is essential for everyone in this digital age especially journalists, web designers and the like. For video, print, online and photo journalists these days it is doubly important especially since most potential employers want to see a portfolio of work and if you can give them a website with all these different examples of work then that will impress them more.For myself personally I soon found how vital it is to keep all the photo's video's and articles I have done over the course of my university studies as I have used many of them to display in the portfolio websites I have created over the past two years.

The importance of collecting code as a journalist has been perhaps less important until recently, however with the surge in online news publishing if a journalist has the skills to create online news stories and design websites then potential employers are more likely to consider employing them. Having a collection of sound files is also less important perhaps as many sound effects can be found on websites such as www.soundbible.com and journalists do not often have a need for them except occasionally with video journalism making a news story which requires sound effects. As mentioned earlier images are important for photojournalists to keep for portfolio purposes and videos are important for video journalists who require a solid news reel when looking for work as a TV reporter.

New Media Art - Blog

MY FINAL PORTFOLIO:


For my final portfolio I intend to completely redesign my website using a Wordpress theme which I will modify extensively. I will erase my old website and start fresh with a new more professional look which will include my latest published articles, photographs and videos. The theme I want will be minimalist in nature with lots of space on the home page to display my best photographs, it will also have a widget area for me to add a twitter feed and link to my sports photography Facebook page. My new website will have 5 pages called: 'Reuben Franklin', 'Blog', 'About Me', 'Contact Me' and 'Links'. The 'Reuben Franklin' Page will have a drop down menu with three different sub menus called 'Published Articles', 'My Videos' and 'My Photos'. The 'About Me' page will have a spiel about my skills and experience as a journalist and photographer; the 'Blog' page will link to a separate Blogger website; the 'Contact Me' page will have a plugin which will automatically email me peoples messages comments; and the 'links' page will contain links to my favorite websites. I will also install a plugin called Sociable so people can share my articles with their friends and a visitors counter plugin to see how many people view my website. I also intend to activate the Akismet plugin with my API key to avoid getting comment spam. 

New Media Art - Blog

The Game I created is called Parliament House Shootout. I used the free version of Game Maker to make this game which can be downloaded here http://game-maker.en.softonic.com/ The objective of my game is to shoot the politicians as they fall from the sky in front of the parliament house in Canberra.  The cowboy shooter is controlled by tapping the left and right arrow keys to go left and right and the space bar shoots his gun.  As the game progresses more and more politicians fall from the sky and each moves slightly quicker than the last with each one giving the player a higher score when they are shot. Eventually even civilian’s begin to fall from the sky and the games ends if you either shoot a civilian or if a politician runs into the cowboy shooter.

I designed the cowboy shooter cartoon dude in Photoshop and gave him a cut out image of my face. I also gave him a gun and placed him as a sprite and object in Game Maker. I also cut out images of many well know politicians faces in photo shop including Julia Gillard, Kevin Rudd, Bob Brown, Campbell Newman,  Bob Katter, and Tony Abbott and loaded them as sprites and objects into Game Maker. I then created an object in Game Maker called controller_enemy which allowed me to designate when and where the politicians fell out of the sky. I also added a photograph I had taken a few years ago of the parliament house in Canberra as the backdrop for my game. I also added some background music called Yakety Sax which I felt suited the game well.

I also downloaded You-Tube clips of each politician and cut out a small wav. sound file of them using Audacity.  I loaded this sound file into Game Maker and designed it so the sound played whenever the politician ran into the cowboy shooter. This took a bit of time and effort however it added some realism to the game as each politician’s real voice plays when the aforementioned action happens. 
Furthermore in order for me to make this game work successfully I had to learn what variables were and how they operated within the game. For example if y is larger than room_height jump to position random(room_width)-65. Sounds confusing but this basically means that once each politicians face disappears below the screen it then reappears above in a random location allowing for the player to shoot it again, Simple right?

New Media Art - Blog

Talk about your Video Artworks:

My video artworks are a compilation of dirt bike videos I have made by using a number of years of video footage I have collected during all the different occasions me and my mates have gone riding together. With all four videos I have simply added some transitions, such as cross dissolves, fade ins and fade outs to name a few and then simply added music and some catchy pretend sponsor logos to create some pretty cool videos.

The first video I made called Manar Park Supercross contains video footage of my mate Reece and I tearing up the Manar Park Supercross track. For this particular video footage I was fortunate enough to be able to use a mates HD 1080 GoPro camera which attaches to the top of your helmet. I managed to get a number of my mates crashes on camera which made for some cool action shots, including a shot of myself being roosted by Reece.

For my second video called QMP (Queensland Motorcycle Park) my brother and I went to the official opening day of QMP a few months back and we took a fair bit of footage on the day which I compiled into a short video clip. In the video it contains footage of Trials rider extraordinaire Jack Field doing a backflip on a motorbike from the worlds smallest ramp. It also has footage of my brother Ryan riding and Crusty Demons rider Matt Schubring and the Showtime FMX crew like Steve Mini do tricks in the new freestyle park. For this video I used my DSLR which is HD and my parents video camera which is not, so the video width changes in size and quality throughout the video which was annoying but there is nothing I could do about it.

For my third video I decided to go with a mix of all my best dirt bike riding footage taken of my brother and mates, Ben, Brodie, Nathan, Elijah, Dotto, and Aaron. This is my favorite video as it contains all the crashes my mates have had that I caught on tape. The footage is mostly taken on my parents property however there is also a small amount of footage taken on my mates property and on the road. For this video I used my parents video camera which is not HD so the lack of quality shows it this one slightly.

For my fourth video called Dirt Bike Dogs it contains video footage of my brother and mates Brodie and Ben riding their dirt bikes around the MX track at Black Duck Motorcycle Park. The footage has also been sped up slightly to make them look like they are riding faster. I used some commentary for this video and while its only trash talk it made the video more interesting than what it would be otherwise. I also used my parents video camera for this video as well so the video quality is only average.

New Media Art - Blog

Research three examples of Video Art, embed them in your blog and discuss them.



Time Lapse was the first video that came up when I typed time lapse into the You Tube search bar. It is a 3 minute video of time lapsed footage taken from different locations in and around Los Angeles.

The location I liked the most in the video was taken from near the LAX airport where you can see aeroplanes coming into land at the airport.  The aeroplanes look a bit like UFO's as they streak across the sky at light speed creating a cool looking video effect.

The other thing I liked about this video is the way it starts in the late afternoon as the sun sets and then gradually work its way through the night with timelapse footage of different locations before finishing the video as the sun starts to rise.

Cut Copy Lights and Music was the second video artwork I watched. It has a funky soundtrack by Cut Copy as the names states. Basically this is just a video of a chick getting different colored paints poured over her face but the video is reversed so that the paint slowly disappears from her face creating a cool looking effect.

I liked this video artwork for its simplicity while still remaining interesting enough to watch, although I did not like how long it took for the paint to disappear completely from her face. The video goes for 3.37 minutes, I think is a bit long. If this were my video I would probably shorten it to about 1-2 minutes max to allow for people like myself with short attention spans.

Six Minutes of Stuff Getting Destroyed does not sound like much of a video artwork when you first read the title however it was surprisingly arty when I watched it for the first time. My favorite slow motion shot in the video is of the egg landing on top of the mouse trap which snaps down onto the egg splitting it in half and creating a cool slow motion egg white and yolk splatting effect.

I also liked the slow motion effects of bullets slicing through playing cards and wine glasses full of different colored liquids as it created a very cool looking multicolored display of messy destruction.

New Media Art - Blog

FLASH WRITE UP:

For our first New Media Art assignment of the semester we were required to create our own flash art work based around a doomsday theme. My decision as discussed in the previous blog was limited to a rather basic flash design due to the lack of time I had to make the artwork. This lack of time was no fault of out tutors but rather due to the large amount of time I personally spent learning how to use Adobe Flash, having never really used the software before.

Consequently my finished artwork product was too basic to allow for a good mark and only benefited me with a passing grade, which was not entirely unexpected. My thoughts and attitude toward this assignment were subjective and not entirely positive as I often questioned the usefulness of learning Flash during a period where its extinction is entirely plausible due in no small part to the popularity surge in HTML5 and Apple's dismissal towards using Flash in its products.

However despite these dark thoughts I pressed on with the project and turned in an artwork which while basic worked successfully, which I was told was more than could be said of some class member’s projects. 

Once I had finally figured out the basics of operating Adobe Flash it turned out that using the software was not that difficult after all and that all it really required was a different thought process to the one I had been utilizing. This new thought process was structured around a better understanding how layers work and the many different layers one can use when operating Flash. My struggle with understanding layers was rather odd considering I had previous experience working with them in Adobe Photoshop. Anyone who can explain why that is the case to me is more than welcome to do so.

New Media Art - Blog

My ideas for the flash project are to create a cartoony doomsday theme with an interactive TNT bomb which allows the viewer to click on it and set off a nuclear missile. Once the missile has been launched bombs will fall out of the sky until the the world is almost destroyed.

Then the nuke falls out of the sky and the screen goes white as it annihilates every living thing. Once the smoke clears it will reveal a completely destroyed earth.

Once the Radiation has left people will start rebuilding their homes, lives, and businesses, and the life cycle will start all over again. 

My plan is to also add sound effects to the flash file such as the sound of the missile launching and the bombs falling. I will get the sound effects from the website Sound Bible:  http://soundbible.com/ 

I also hope to make the environment as interactive as my limited Flash Skills allow, including making the destroying and rebuilding of the earth up the the viewer to manipulate and edit to their hearts content.

Finally I would also like to make my flash artwork predominantly with the paint brush, pencil and other tools available inside the Adobe Flash Software to make it look as authentic as possible.

New Media Art - Blog

For your first writing I want you to explore these two sites. Start with the first one and then move on to the second (sadly the second requires some signing up to see everything, so find what you can without signing up (or don't pay any money!) I want you to pick two works from turbulence and two from rhizomes. And write about them, offer your thoughts of these as artworks and as creations to play with and explore.


1st Artwork:
 http://www.turbulence.org/

Aleph Null by Jim Andrews is a generative, interactive, open source work written in JavaScript using HTML5. There is also a slideshow of screenshots to give you a sense of what it can look like it full flight. Aleph Null is colour music with no audio. It takes practice to tease the really good stuff out of it.

Here are the basic instructions on how to use Aleph Null:

- The 'e' key erases the canvas and changes the path the shape follows.
- The space key toggles stop/play.
- The 'c' key or clicking the canvas shifts the 'central color' by 1/4 of the spectrum.
- The 'm' key toggles mouse-controlled position of the shape.
- The 's' key changes the shape but keeps the same central color. Double-clicking the canvas changes the  shape and also the central color.
- For better viewing, go fullscreen. On a PC, the F11 key toggles fullscreen mode.
- The p key changes the path the shape traverses.

Here is the link to it: http://www.turbulence.org/spotlight/alephnull/index.htm


2nd Artwork:
http://rhizome.org/

The second artwork I looked at was a piece called 'Life Cycle'.

Life Cycle presents the life cycle of people in a digital form which looks pretty cool. The first part of the art work is called 'In the City' which shows daily life in the city with a digital spin.

For the second section of the artwork which is called 'Flash Greetings' it shows the life cycle of a person with ten portraits.

Here is the link to view the artwork: http://rhizome.org/artbase/artwork/46815/

Digital Writing - Blog 5

For the next blog topic we had to think of ideas for the circular narrative project by brainstorming and coming up with a basic outline.

So for this project I decided to design my circular narrative around the 2011 AMA Supercross Series. The five main characters in this circular narrative are (in order of first to fourth): Ryan Villopoto, Chad Reed, Ryan Dungey and James Stewart. The fifth character was none other than myself incognito. 

So being an avid dirt bike rider and fan of all motor sports in general this circular narrative project idea was right up my alley. 

Consequently, I did some research on all four of the aforementioned riders to find more out about their personalities and what the final results were in the last race of the series in Las Vegas. 
This research allowed me to write a circular narrative based on each riders perspective of the 2011 AMA Supercross Season.

I did this by designing a website with a homepage called 2011 AMA Supercross Season and then placing each riders name around it. When you click on the riders name it takes you to another page with a photo of the rider and a spiel I wrote about what I thought the rider might say about his season. I also tried to throw in some of the mannerisms I thought each rider might possess when describing his season.

I also put some information about each riders entire racing career on their personal webpage just to mix it up and keep it interesting.

Finally I wrote a spiel with my take on the season with what I thought about each riders racing and how I personally felt about the results.

Digital Writing - Blog 4

For the fourth blog I had to write out/ruminate on ideas for the Visual Storytelling Project assignment.  So after some deliberation I decided to go with a visual story based on a fictional day in the life of myself. I decided to use a comedic theme in my visual story by creating a very muscular body for myself. I did this by downloading a cartoon muscle man from google pictures and cutting out his body except for his head in photoshop. I then used a photo of my own face that I had cut out of an old photo and then placed it on the muscle body. This new body formed the foundation of my visual story.

For my first html I went with a collage of all the different images I would be using throughout my visual story. This turned out to be quite effective and with the combination of a heading titled 'A day in the life of Reuben' it turned out to look pretty cool.

For my second html I took a photo of a weetbix box and then made copies of it and pasted all around my cut out of muscular Reuben. I also cut out a picture of a bowl of cereal and a table and pasted them into my image. By arranging the images a certain way I made it look like muscular Reuben was eating a great big bowl of cereal while being sourrounded by Weetbix boxes.

For my third html I went with the title 'At the Gym'. I took a photo of the local gym that I go to and then using photoshop pasted my fake muscle body onto the photo. I also pasted a cut out barbell image next to my feet making the overall image more realistic.

For the fourth html fictional muscular Reuben was 'Surfing at Narrow Neck'. I used a photo I took of a surfer at Narrow Neck and cut him out of the picture without removing the surf board. I then pasted muscular Reuben onto the surfboard to make it seem like he was surfing.

For my fifth html I put muscular Reuben on a dirtbike. I used a picture I had taken of my brother riding his dirt bike on the MX track at Rover Park and pasted in muscular Reuben. I then cut out a copy of my brother dirt bike and pasted it into the photo. After arranging the images correctly and with a little photoshop work I made it look as though muscular Reuben was riding a dirtbike.

For my sixth html I put muscular Reuben in a photo where he was drinking with his mates. I did this by taking a photo of a local bar and then cutting out an image of my mates and pasting them into the photo of the bar. I also cut out an image of a Corona beer and edited the images so that it looked like muscular Reuben was drinking a giant beer in a bar with his mates.

For my seventh and final html page I took a photo of my bed and pasted muscluar Reuben into the picture so it looked like he was sleeping on the bed. I then found a picture of a hot babe sleeping and cut her out and pasted her into the photo to make it look like she was sleeping on the bed beside muscular Reuben. I called this html 'sleeping with my girlfriend'.

Overall I was happy with the way my visual story turned out and the mark i got reflected the results as I achieved a Distinction for it. I thought that it looked pretty cool and almost realistic the way I had placed my head on a muscular body and then placed it in the image so that it seemed like I was actually doing those particular activities.